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Introduction

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Hydrodermabrasion facial and Microdermabrasion are popular non-invasive skin treatments that can help rejuvenate your skin. We use the Glownar Hydro Soline 4-in-1 Skin Rejuvenation Facial machine for this treatment.

Hydrodermabrasion facial before and after:

How is the Hydrodermabrasion facial experience at your clinic?

What is a Hydrodermabrasion facial?

This a new skincare treatment that&#;s becoming quite popular. Unlike microdermabrasion, it doesn&#;t use crystals or diamond tips to exfoliate the skin. Instead, it uses a combination of oxygen and water infused with a recommended serum based on the skin type to shoot a pressurized stream of saline solution onto the skin.

This high-velocity procedure effectively removes dead skin cells and extracts while soothing the skin simultaneously. Not only does it hydrate and cleanse the skin, but it also promotes healthy blood circulation. This better circulation, in turn, helps produce collagen and elastin fibers that tighten the skin and reduce the pores to smaller ones with a more youthful appearance.

This process involves replacing dead skin cells with healthy ones. The active compound used in cleansing ensures no growth of bacteria or impurities on the skin&#;s surface while also balancing the skin&#;s pH levels and excess oil. As a result, your skin becomes brighter and healthier. These benefits are long-lasting and can be improved with regular treatments and a good skincare regimen.

Benefits of this treatment

Hydrodermabrasion has several benefits, such as being suitable for sensitive skin that cannot undergo other forms of microdermabrasion. It also reduces the visibility of scarring and dark shadows while improving blood circulation. The process supports collagen and elastin production, tightens the skin, and leaves it smooth and glowing. This treatment can be done on most skin types except acute acne and helps remove dead skin and nourish skin with serums like hyaluronic acid, peptide, salicylic acid, vitamin C, etc. They are all water-based serums and do not contain Alcohol, Gluten, Sulphate, Paraben, or Phthalate. Above all, it requires no downtime, and you can continue your regular activities after the treatment.

This facial can be costly, depending on your location and chosen package or deal. We currently have a promotion; hence, we offer a very attractive deal. You can look at our prices at &#;Book Online&#; link and book appointments as well. As a high-end treatment, insurance does not cover it and is considered a personal expense.

Additionally, while this treatment can provide quick and noticeable results, it typically requires multiple treatments rather than a one-time solution. It is advisable to undergo treatments for optimal and enduring results. However, the cost of multiple Hydrodermabrasion facial treatments can accumulate over time, making it a pricey option in the long term.

It is possible to experience mild side effects such as itching, redness, and minor swelling after treatment. However, these symptoms usually go away within a few hours to a few days. If the symptoms persist for over a week and become a cause for concern, there is a risk of infection and scarring. It is important to seek the advice of a skin specialist in such cases to prevent any serious or permanent damage to the skin. It is also recommended to follow post-treatment options for skin care to address any potential issues early on.

Can I do a Hydrodermabrasion facial if I have skin conditions?

If you have acne or rosacea, consult a doctor or dermatologist before considering this treatment. You can have a quick consult with our onsite doctor before the treatment.

How long do I wait to get a Hydrodermabrasion facial after a chemical peel or laser skin resurfacing?

It is recommended to wait until your skin has fully healed from any previous chemical peel or laser procedures before undergoing this treatment.

What to expect for this treatment at our clinic?

A licensed Esthetician performs Hydrodermabrasion facial treatment. The total treatment takes somewhere from 45 mins to 60 minutes. This time may extend if you opt for add-ons. Below are the high-level steps.

Skin Consult

The Esthetician will perform skin analysis under the magnifying lamp and develop the recommended serum.

Perform a cleanse

During this step, the Esthetician will use ZO Cleanser to clean your face. This process removes makeup, dirt, and grime from the day, which helps to prepare your skin for your Hydrodermabrasion facial treatment.

Prepare the skin with steam.

Although steaming doesn&#;t work like magic, it can make your skin healthier. Here are a few advantages to utilizing a steamer: A light sweat is induced by the steam&#;s warmth, which aids in removing pollutants from your pores. Your skin receives a momentary burst of moisture from steam, which helps to smooth out fine wrinkles.

Perform facial using 4-in-1 Soline from Glownar.

This usually takes minutes, based on the product recommendation. The Esthetician will assess if more time is needed based on your skin.

Use a toner to clean the pores.

This toner removes dead skin cells that block pores, manages oiliness, tightens the skin, removes any impurities, and reduces the appearance of large pores.

Perform facial massage using cream based on your skin type.

Facial massage is a great way to improve the appearance of your skin by toning muscles and reducing tension. In a study, participants experienced reduced wrinkles, sagging, and rough skin after eight weeks of using face massage and skin cream together. By increasing circulation and oxygen flow, this massage can make your face look more alert and reduce puffiness, especially under the eyes. It can also help even out skin tone and aid in skin detoxification.

Various massage techniques can help you lose excess fat in your cheeks by promoting blood circulation, tightening muscles, and breaking down fat. This massage can also benefit your cheeks and neck by improving blood flow and eliminating toxins and water buildup.

Put a customized mask based on skin condition.

Face masks are designed to be used occasionally to boost your skin quickly. Below are the benefits of face masks:

• Moisturizes and hydrates dry skin
• It makes skin texture better
• Removes oil and dirt
• Cleans out blocked pores
• Reduces the visibility of wrinkles and fine lines.
• Boosts elasticity
• Enhances the appearance of breakouts
• Reduce dark spots

Put eye cream and finishing serum with a moisturizer.

Eye creams are formulated to cater to the sensitive skin surrounding the eyes. They are usually thicker in consistency and contain multiple active ingredients that address specific eye-related concerns. The skin near the eyes is more delicate, more prone to dryness, and more likely to age and become tired quickly. Additionally, squinting and continuous eye movement increase the development of lines and wrinkles, and fluid buildup under the eyes results in puffiness and dark circles. Some of these problems can be addressed with eye creams.

Put SPF for sun protection.

After the facial, we would like your skin protected from the sun; hence, we recommend putting an SPF 50 or higher sunscreen.

What is a Microdermabrasion or diamond facial?

A common procedure that might make your skin look better is diamond dermabrasion. A diamond-tipped wand is used to exfoliate your skin&#;s top layer gently. This can aid in minimizing flaws, fine wrinkles, and spots that could have grown over time. The texture of your skin may also improve, becoming softer, smoother, and more even, with a healthy pinkish hue.

What are the benefits of Microdermabrasion or diamond facial?

This treatment promotes blood circulation, boosts collagen production, removes dead skin cells, and minimizes crow&#;s feet and acne scars. It also reduces the appearance of large pores and oxygenates and renews skin cells. The result is tighter, smoother, and more radiant skin. Plus, only organic materials and minerals are used in this treatment.

What to expect for Microdermabrasion at our clinic?

A licensed Esthetician performs this treatment. The total treatment takes somewhere from 45 minutes to 60 minutes. This time may extend if you opt for add-ons. Below are the high-level steps.

Skin Consult

The Esthetician will perform skin analysis under the magnifying lamp and develop the recommended serum.

Perform a cleanse

During this step, the Esthetician will use ZO Cleanser to clean your face. This process removes makeup, dirt, and grime from the day, which helps to prepare your skin for your Microdermabrasion treatment.

Prepare the skin for Microdermabrasion with steam.

Although steaming doesn&#;t work like magic, it can make your skin healthier. Here are just a few advantages to utilizing a steamer: A light sweat is induced by the steam&#;s warmth, which aids in removing pollutants from your pores. Your skin receives a momentary burst of moisture from steam, which helps to smooth out fine wrinkles.

Perform Microdermabrasion using 4-in-1 Soline from Glownar

This usually takes minutes, based on the product recommendation. The Esthetician will assess if more time is needed based on your skin.

Use a toner to close the pores.

This toner removes dead skin cells that block pores, manages oiliness, tightens the skin, removes any impurities, and reduces the appearance of large pores.

Perform facial massage using cream based on your skin type.

By toning facial muscles and relieving tension, this massage can improve the appearance of your skin. A study from showed that after eight weeks of using face massage and skin cream in combination, participants experienced reduced wrinkles, sagging, and rough skin. This message can make your face appear more alert by increasing circulation and awakening your skin with blood and oxygen rush. This can help reduce puffiness by boosting blood flow, particularly under your eyes.

Additionally, this massage can even out skin tone and detoxify skin. Various massage techniques may alter your face&#;s appearance by helping you lose excess fat that gives your cheeks a plump look. By promoting blood circulation, tightening muscles, and breaking down fat, this massage can also benefit your cheeks and neck by improving blood flow and eliminating toxins and water buildup.

Put a customized mask based on skin condition.

Face masks are designed to be used occasionally to boost your skin quickly. Below are the benefits of face masks:

• Moisturizes and hydrates dry skin
• It makes skin texture better
• Removes oil and dirt
• Cleans out blocked pores
• Reduces the visibility of wrinkles and fine lines.
• Boosts elasticity
• Enhances the appearance of breakouts
• Reduce dark spots

Put eye cream and finishing serum with a moisturizer.

Eye creams are formulated to cater to the sensitive skin surrounding the eyes. They are usually thicker in consistency and contain multiple active ingredients that address specific eye-related concerns. The skin near the eyes is more delicate, more prone to dryness, and more likely to age and become tired quickly. Additionally, squinting and continuous eye movement increase the development of lines and wrinkles, and fluid buildup under the eyes results in puffiness and dark circles. Some of these problems can be addressed with eye creams.

Put SPF for sun protection.

After the treatment, we would like your skin to be protected from sun; hence we recommend putting an SPF 50 or higher sunscreen.

What all add-on services can we take to help with Microdermabrasion or Hydrodermabrasion facial?

LED Light

Due to its relaxing effects and versatility in treatment, this LED light therapy procedure is popular among estheticians and customers. Patients with various skin types can use the machine for a non-invasive, relaxing treatment using natural ingredients. It calms the skin, lessens wrinkles and fine lines, and encourages collagen and elastin formation. A different wavelength of light represents each of the visible spectrum&#;s hues, each with special curative qualities.

Six colors, including Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Purple, and Orange, are present in the Spark LED Light treatment device, with three hues having autonomous operation. Additionally, it has color combinations in five different modes, including a cycle, Red & Green, Red & Blue, Green & Blue, Red, Green & Blue, Yellow, and Orange & Purple.

Radiofrequency Therapy

A high-frequency alternating current is used in the common non-invasive cosmetic procedure known as radiofrequency therapy (RF) to heat the dermis tissue. This procedure boosts collagen synthesis, which aids in reducing photoaging and skin laxity. This procedure is very successful because it stimulates the growth of new collagen fibers in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and changes the collagen structure.

Our bodies create less collagen as we age, resulting in thinner and looser skin. The body releases heat-shock proteins when the skin is heated by RF therapy to °F or 42°C, encouraging the formation of new collagen fibers. The skin becomes firmer, smoother, thicker, and more youthful thanks to collagen.

Fine lines and wrinkles, among other aging symptoms, can be reversed by RF therapy. Radiofrequency therapy boosts collagen protein strength and promotes the growth of new ones. It also tightens and firms skin on both the face and body, reduces the depth of wrinkles, combats wrinkles around the mouth and forehead, smooths out cellulite, and encourages elastin production.

Oxygen Therapy

Using natural oxygen molecules, oxygen therapy rejuvenates drained skin cells, giving the skin a more youthful and radiant appearance. This procedure is highly sought after and can be used with other therapies to address each patient&#;s specific needs and skin types. Combining oxygen treatment with serums and other beauty products improves skin hydration, clarity, and plumpness. Oxygen Therapy helps to purify the face, hydrate the skin and give it a rested and radiant appearance.

Microdermabrasion vs Hydrodermabrasion facial?

Two popular options to improve your skin&#;s health and appearance without invasive procedures are Hydrodermabrasion facial and microdermabrasion. While both treatments offer benefits, they use different techniques.

Hydrodermabrasion facial: This multi-step treatment involves cleansing, exfoliation, extraction, hydration, and antioxidant protection. A specialized device delivers serums and water to the skin while removing impurities and dead skin cells. It&#;s gentle and suitable for most skin types.

Pros of Hydrodermabrasion

&#; Deeply cleanses skin and unclogs pores

&#; Provides hydration and improves texture and tone

&#; Reduces the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation

&#; Customizable based on individual needs

Cons of Hydrodermabrasion

&#; May not offer as intense exfoliation as microdermabrasion for certain skin concerns

Microdermabrasion: This mechanical exfoliation technique uses a handheld device to remove the outer layer of dead skin cells. It can employ tiny crystals or a diamond-tipped wand to smooth the skin&#;s surface and promote cell turnover.

Pros of Microdermabrasion

&#; Effective exfoliation for smoother, more even skin

&#; Helps with mild acne scars, fine lines, and sun damage

&#; Can be performed on various skin types and colors

Cons of Microdermabrasion

&#; May cause slight redness or irritation after the procedure

&#; Not recommended for those with severe acne or sensitive skin

Ultimately, choosing between these treatments depends on your skin needs and preferences. Hydrodermabrasion is an all-in-one treatment that provides hydration and exfoliation, while microdermabrasion focuses on intense exfoliation and skin texture improvement. To determine which is right for you, consult a skincare professional.

Why should we consider your clinic vs others for Hydrodermabrasion or Microdermabrasion in Pleasanton?

We serve our patients with the best of the products and technology. Even after that, if you get into an issue Dr Anuja Garg helps treat the patient for any treatment-related complications. People are prone to known and unknown allergies, which might aggravate post-aesthetic treatment. Dr Garg can treat the condition at our clinic and prescribe medicine that might not happen in another clinic.

What is the cost of these treatments?

You can check our prices and book an appointment by visiting this page.

Description

RED SERVICE DOG HARNESS/VEST

Our Service Dog Harness is perfect for dogs who work in therapy, medical alert, law enforcement and many other service fields. The durable and comfortable harness features reflective fuzzy fastener straps and two removable reflective patches on each side to help keep your pal visible. The harness is made of a light, breathable mesh material and is reinforced with heavy-duty, double-stitched nylon. The quick release buckle makes it easy to put on and take off and the handle on top allows you to gain control of your dog when necessary. It also comes with a handy D ring for easy leash attachment. Now, everyone will be able to recognize your canine’s working status.

• Designed with a lightweight, mesh material and strengthened with heavy-duty, double-stitched nylon.
• Features a reflective chest strap and 2 removable “Service Dog” patches to help keep your dog visible.
• Made with a control handle and a welded D-ring to easily attach any leash.
• Designed with a belly buckle that’s easy to fasten and unfasten for on-the-go service pups.
• Switch out the included patches for &#;Do Not Pet&#; or &#;Service Dog in Training&#; patches (sold separately).

Примеры из практики: Примеры людей, которые успешно избежали долгов по кредитам payday loan.
Для многих людей привлекательность займов до зарплаты может показаться непреодолимой. Обещание быстрых денег без проверки кредитоспособности является сильным соблазном для тех, кто испытывает нехватку денег и кому больше некуда обратиться. К сожалению, этот вид кредита часто приводит к дальнейшим финансовым проблемам &#; особенно если он не возвращается своевременно.

К счастью, можно избежать долгов по кредитам payday, если понимать, как эти кредиты работают, и предпринимать активные шаги по управлению своими финансами. Вот три примера людей, которые успешно избежали долгов по кредитам payday:

1. Джон: Джон боролся со своими счетами в один из месяцев, когда узнал, что может оформить онлайн-заявку на получение однодневного кредита. Вместо того чтобы сразу обратиться за кредитом, он начал с изучения других вариантов. Рассмотрев несколько альтернативных вариантов, включая разговор с друзьями о займе денег и поиск дополнительных способов быстрого заработка, Джон решил не брать кредит, хотя в тот момент это помогло бы ему быстро получить деньги.

2. Джессика: Джессика уже была в долгах, когда однажды получила по почте предложение о предоставлении кредита на день зарплаты. Хотя она думала, что это может быть легким выходом из финансового кризиса, она знала, что лучше не соглашаться на такой кредит с высокой процентной ставкой, не изучив предварительно все возможные варианты. В итоге она нашла временную работу, которая позволила ей погасить существующий долг, избежав при этом принятия на себя более опасных финансовых обязательств, таких как кредиты до зарплаты.

3. Алекс: Алекс имел дело с растущими медицинскими счетами, когда узнал о местном кредиторе, который предлагал быстрое одобрение и выдачу наличных без кредитной проверки или залога. Он решил не брать кредит и вместо этого обратился в такие организации, как United Way и местные благотворительные фонды, которые предоставляют экстренную финансовую помощь тем, кто столкнулся с неожиданными медицинскими расходами или другими жизненными кризисами.

Эти истории показывают, что даже люди, столкнувшиеся с финансовыми трудностями, могут избежать застревания в круговороте однодневных кредитов, если они проявят изобретательность и примут разумные решения в отношении своих финансов, прежде чем слишком глубоко ввязываться в любой вид высокорискованного кредитного соглашения

Резюме/заключение: Размышления о том, почему важно знать об опасностях, связанных с кредитами до зарплаты.
Кредиты до зарплаты могут быть заманчивым решением для людей, испытывающих финансовые трудности, но они связаны с серьезными рисками. Важно знать об этих опасностях, прежде чем брать кредит до зарплаты, так как высокие процентные ставки и комиссии, связанные с ними, могут быстро привести к циклу долгов, из которого трудно вырваться. Кроме того, кредиторы &#;payday&#; часто нацелены на уязвимые группы населения, такие как люди с низким уровнем дохода или те, кто не имеет доступа к традиционным банковским услугам. Эта хищническая практика кредитования делает еще более важным понимание всех последствий получения кредита до принятия каких-либо решений.

Первое, на что следует обратить внимание, когда вы думаете о кредите на день зарплаты, &#; это тот факт, что процентные ставки по ним, как правило, намного выше, чем по другим видам займов. Средняя годовая процентная ставка (APR) по кредиту в день зарплаты может составлять от % до %, что делает его более дорогим, чем большинство других форм кредитования. Это означает, что если вы возьмете долларов на две недели, то в конечном итоге вам придется заплатить почти в два раза больше только за проценты! Кроме того, многие кредиторы добавляют дополнительные комиссии и сборы к основной сумме займа, что еще больше увеличивает общую стоимость кредита и ставит заемщика в затруднительное финансовое положение.

Еще одним важным фактором при рассмотрении вопроса о получении однодневного кредита является его продолжительность. Большинство из них предназначены для краткосрочного решения проблем; однако, если заемщик не может погасить свой баланс в установленные сроки, он может столкнуться с тем, что с него взимаются большие штрафы за просрочку или расходы на пролонгацию. Это может затруднить для заемщиков возможность наверстать упущенное и привести к тому, что они могут влезть в долги, так как их первоначальный баланс продолжает расти с угрожающей скоростью из-за всех этих дополнительных платежей и сборов.

Потенциальным заемщикам также важно тщательно изучить различных кредиторов, прежде чем брать на себя обязательства. Некоторые хищные кредиторы применяют неэтичные методы, такие как взимание скрытых комиссий или предоставление вводящей в заблуждение информации о планах погашения, чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами ничего не подозревающих клиентов, которые не полностью понимают условия и положения, связанные с этими кредитами. Лучше всего не только внимательно читать все документы, но и задавать вопросы, если что-то кажется неправильным &#; это поможет вам не попасть в ловушку недобросовестных кредиторов, которые могут попытаться воспользоваться вашей неосведомленностью или финансовым положением.

В заключение следует отметить, что, хотя кредиты до зарплаты могут обеспечить быстрый доступ к средствам в трудные времена, к ним всегда следует подходить с осторожностью из-за их непомерно высокой стоимости и потенциальных подводных камней, таких как скрытые комиссии и расходы на пролонгацию, которые при неправильном подходе могут быстро загнать заемщика в бесконечный цикл долгов . Прежде чем подписаться на одного из кредиторов, необходимо тщательно изучить информацию о различных кредиторах, чтобы избежать этих неприятных ловушек, поэтому всегда помните, что нужно делать домашнюю работу!

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by Linda Martinson,Blue Ridge Naturalist

We often have interesting weather in Western North Carolina. One day this month, during about an hour and a half period mid-morning we experienced; fog, sudden sunshine, rain turning to sleet, gusty winds, sunshine again, and then, a lovely rainbow over the mountains. The last few days have been so cold that the rhododendron leaves are calling for help. It’s sometimes hard to get a grip on the weather in January and in our area in general.

North Carolina is longest state east of the Mississippi River at miles in length; and it has the greatest range of altitude of any state east of Mississippi. The elevation ranges from sea level along the coast to 6, feet at the summit of Mount Mitchell in Western North Carolina. It is the highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains, right in the heart of the Blue Ridge mountain range. Western North Carolina has some of the most variable average precipitation in the southeastern United States, and the differences in precipitation within the WNC mountain gradients can vary from up to inches to 36 inches per year. 

The area we live, near Lake Toxaway in Transylvania County, has the wettest recorded weather in the state with an average annual precipitation of around 92 inches. Lake Toxaway is at the southern edge of the Blue Ridge Escarpment, and moist air lifting over the mountains dumps lots of rain here making parts of the area wet enough to be considered rain forests. There are + waterfalls nearby giving the area the description of ‘Land of Waterfalls.’ By contrast, the driest area in the state is only 50 miles away in Asheville/Buncombe County with an average annual precipitation of around 37 inches. The Asheville area sits in the French Broad River basin, where the prevailing moist winds and rain are frequently either squeezed out or blocked from the south by the Balsam Range and from the west by the Great Smoky Mountains.

Considering the weather in general findings released jointly by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on  January 15 illustrate a trajectory that should scare us all. Each of the past five years was among the five hottest years since record-keeping began in the s, and was the second-hottest year ever recorded just behind Also, 19 of the hottest 20 years ever recorded occurred during the past two decades. Scientists quoted in a Washington Post article state that this warming trend “bears the unmistakable sign of human activity, which emits tens of billions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year”.

“No individual hot year — or hot day or hot season, for that matter — is by itself evidence for climate change. But this hot year is just one of many hot years in this decade,” said Kate Marvel, a research scientist at both NASA and Columbia University. “The planet is statistically and detectably warmer than before the Industrial Revolution. We know why. We know what it means. And we can do something about it.”

Reading this article, and the news, and the month of January in general, made me want to hibernate, and then I began to wonder if this warming trend affects migrating and hibernating animals. Apparently, migratory birds are affected more by global warming than hibernating animals. Research indicates that climate change has a triple whammy effect on migratory birds — it disrupts migration times and successful breeding as well as causing food shortages for both birds and their chicks. For example, changes in the length of daylight trigger bird migration, but warming temperatures result in earlier hatching of caterpillars and of other insects at their breeding locations. Migrating songbirds may arrive on time according to the length of daylight, but the caterpillars they feed to their chicks have hatched early because of warming temperatures and are already moths which their chicks can’t eat. Since fewer chicks live, the songbird population immediately begins to decline. Also, because of the changing climate, migrating birds have to travel farther and search harder to find food when they migrate. This tragic scenario exists for many bird species and climate change has become the top threat to migratory birds. For several reasons the number of birds worldwide is declining precipitously.  For example, a report in the journal “Science” in September states that North American bird populations have declined by nearly 3 billion birds since , a loss of nearly one in four birds.

Note: Cathy Walsh, Board member of Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society, will speak to Blue Ridge Naturalist Network members and other guests at the West Asheville Library on Tuesday, February 4, from to pm on ‘Native Plants, Birds, and the Climate Crisis’.

Another adaptation to winter is hibernation, which is not a very precise term. A general definition is that hibernation is a period during which some animals stop self-regulation of their body temperature and submit to being physically affected by the surrounding environment, usually by the cold temperatures of winter. Generally, hibernation is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and a low metabolic rate. Some researchers and writers use a term “true” hibernation to describe a state of “suspended animation” during which breathing and heart rates slow considerably and body temperature drops to the air temperature of the animal’s burrow and sometimes even below freezing. “True” hibernators also stop eating and drinking and excreting, too; and they wake up only once the outside temperature warms sufficiently and then very slowly. Of course, they need to eat furiously and store significant fat reserves before they enter hibernation.

Among the mammals of the Appalachians, only the ground hog or woodchuck, and all native Appalachian bats are “true” hibernators. The heart rate of ground hogs during hibernation goes from about 80 beats per minute when active to only 4 to 5 beats per minute. In contrast to “true” hibernators, for example, Eastern chipmunks could be characterized as “deep” hibernators. They spend the winter with reduced body temperatures but in intermittent deep sleeps from which they awaken occasionally to eat their cached seeds and to eliminate. Then they return to their deep sleep until spring.

Bears are unique hibernators and their denning for the winter has been referred to as “winter torpor” or “winter sleep,” but it is also considered in other physical descriptions to be a special case of hibernation. Their heart rate, breathing rate, and metabolic rate do slow down but not as much as other hibernating animals, and a bear’s body temperature is only slightly reduced by just 10 degrees or so. In contrast to other hibernators who awaken slowly at the end of a constant deep sleep, a bear can wake up fairly easily during its denning period, and sometimes frequently. They do not eat, drink, defecate or urinate during the entire time in their dens, however, which makes bear hibernation a period of amazing physiology.

During hibernation, a bear’s fat cells break down to provide water and calories and their muscles and organ tissues break down to supply protein. The same process would happen with any animal deprived of food and water, but it would be the beginning of the process of starvation if it wasn’t a hibernating bear. Humans, for example, can’t restore muscle and organ tissue that breaks down to supply protein to the body, but bears can. Hibernating bears can also utilize the nitrogen in their stored urea, a component of urine that is produced during tissue breakdown, to build new proteins. These new proteins can then be used to maintain organ and muscle tissue.  

Female bears develop fertilized eggs during mating in the summer, but they delay attachment of the eggs until just before they den. If a female bear’s condition is not strong enough, she will abort the eggs because lactation is so energy intensive. However, if it has been a good foraging season, for example during a mast year, bears can have up to six cubs. The cubs are born usually in late January, and they are blind, bald, and about the size of a guinea pig. The cubs grow rapidly in their dens with their lactating mother because bear’s milk is about 35% fat. By the time they leave the den in March/April, the cubs are the size of a large puppy and ready to move around and to follow their mothers. They leave their mothers at about 18 months, which means that they typically spend a second denning season with her. An aside: the number of black bears in North Carolina has increased significantly from about 4, in to estimates as high as 20, now.

And now a leap to opossums, a common nocturnal omnivore about as big as a cat. I’ve been musing about opossums because I’ve noticed quite a few dead ones along the roads this winter; and because their physiology, although different, is as amazing as that of hibernating bears. I’m quite fond of opossums, partly because I had one as a pet for a week or two when I was about I was riding my horse through the woods one day when I saw that my dog had found a critter. It was a dead opossum with only one surviving baby. I stuck the baby opossum in my pocket to take home thinking (I swear this is true) that I could impress my high school friends by driving them around in my parents’s car with a baby opossum swinging by its tail from the rear view mirror. 

I named her Daisy and kept her alive with condensed milk fed by an eye dropper for a week or so, and she did make an attempt to swing from the rear view mirror, in terror I’m sure. What I didn’t know then was that opossums can’t swing by their tails for long periods of time, although they have been known to use their tails to pick up and carry bunches of dry grass and leaves. 

Opossums are best described as marsupial mammals, because they are not fully developed at birth and have to spend a significant amount of time in a pouch on the mother&#;s belly. There are over 65, and some sources say over , species of opossum, but the only marsupial native to the Appalachians is the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Opossums are prolific breeders and can have up to three litters in a year. Their gestation period is a little less than two weeks, and they can have as many as 20 small honeybee-sized babies called joeys, just like kangaroo babies. The newborn joeys crawl into their mother’s pouch, which is a perilous journey. Inside the pouch there are only 13 nipples (neatly arranged in a circle with one in the middle). Usually fewer than half make it, and those fortunate little joeys each latch onto a nipple and continue developing for about 50 to 70 days. Opossums are devoted mothers and even after the joeys crawl out of their mother’s pouch, she will stay with them and carry them around on her back for about another days. Opossums are sexually mature at six to eight months and live for two to four years.

Another reason I am fond of opossums, and that I believe we all should be, is that they are super efficient tick-killers. According to Richard Ostfeld, a research scientist at the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies studying Lyme disease, opossums can kill and eat as many as 5, ticks in a single season. They also eat cockroaches and kill rats, and I’m cheering for them to add stinkbugs to their menu. As omnivores, they will eat just about anything dead or alive: rats, mice, snails, slugs, birds, eggs, fruits, grain, frogs, pet food, table scraps, carrion, etc. Opossums have an unusually high need for calcium, and they are often seen on or near roads crunching the bones of roadkill. 

Opossums prefer arboreal living, but they also seem to enjoy swimming. They are strong swimmers and seem to prefer living in woods and swampy areas that get plenty of rainfall. They are, however, exceptionally adaptable and will live happily among humans in open country, in the suburbs and even in cities. Opossums often den in tree holes or in ground burrows, but will also move into sheds, garages, barns and under houses. They are harmless to humans; they rarely contract rabies; and they have a natural immunity to poisonous snake bites. Although they don&#;t hibernate, opossums do slow down during the winter. They spend more time in burrows that they fill with dry leaves and draw down their fat reserves.

Opossums are also fastidious groomers like cats, and they are quite intelligent. They score as high as dogs on intelligence tests, particularly in one category: they have a remarkable ability to both find food and to remember where it is. When tested for the ability to remember where food is, opossums scored better than rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs but not as well as humans. They also can find their way through a maze more quickly than many animals. Also, opossums have opposable “thumbs” although they are on their hind feet so technically they are opposable first toes. They share this trait with only one other mammal species, primates, and it’s the main reason why they are such excellent climbers. 

Another interesting fact about opossums is that they have more teeth than any other mammal; they have 50 teeth and in comparison, dogs have 42, humans have 32 and cats only have They also have excellent night vision partly because they have giant pupils with just a small rim of iris which makes their eyes seem black. Unfortunately, if spotted during the day opossums look stunned and rather slow-witted because they are semi-blinded by the bright light.

So what’s not to love about opossums? One reason they are not more popular is that when threatened, they turn ugly. They try to escape, growl, hiss, belch, urinate and defecate. And if they have joeys with them, they will attack and bite, too. As a last resort, they act as if they were dead. They fall over, stiffen up and either close their eyes or assume a blank stare. Also, they bare their teeth and foul-smelling saliva foams from their mouth. This ability to “play ‘possum” by feigning death is not a conscious act; it is an involuntary response like fainting. Opossums can remain in this catatonic state for up to four hours, so it is a very effective deterrent to possible predators. Reading, thinking and writing about opossums, I’m in awe of their intelligence and adaptability and no longer convinced that Daisy’s mother was really dead.    

References: State Climate Office of North Carolina  

          The Washington Post January 15,  

          Frick-Ruppert, Jennifer Mountain Nature The University of North Carolina                                   Press  

          Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 

          San Diego zoo website 

          Richard Ostfeld Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY

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