Els Test Yourself 1 Cevap Anahtarı
y (had been living) I started to live in İzmir. I graduated.
now
future
When I graduated in ,1 had been living in İzmir for five years. (First I lived in İzmir. Then I graduated.) (Mezuniyetten önceki beş yılı ifade ediyor.) EXERCISE Use the Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs In parentheses. 1. 2. 3.
They (drive) for over five hours when they reached the hotel. While they (travel) they passed through several historic towns. I (hangi some pictures on the wall when I hit my thumb with the hammer. 4. While we (chat) we realized that she (work) for the same company as me last year, but at a different branch. 5. Rumours of a large pay-rise (go) round the office for weeks, so, when it was announced to be only three percent, everyone was very disappointed. 6. They (already, take) photographs for an hour by the time they noticed the sign forbidding the use of cameras. 7. Apparently he (stroll] aimlessly on the beach since about noon when we spotted him. 8. While I (sew) a button onto my shirt, I pricked myself with the needle. 9. She knew that she had better stop and fill up with petrol soon because the red petrol warning light (Hash) on the dashboard of her car for the last ten minutes. The manager warned the staff about using the phone because, from the size of the telephone bill, it was obvious that someone (make) long-distance calls. 56
ELS a 57
57
EXERCISE Use the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
You really deserve to have a promotion, Mr. Johnson. You (work) successfully for us for ten years, and you (produce) lots of remarkable projects, especially in the past five years. They gave him a promotion last year, because he (work) for them successfully for ten years, and he (produce) lots of remarkable projects, especially in the past five years. A: Hello, Pam. We (just, arrange) to have a picnic next Saturday. Would you like to come with us? B: Sorry, Sally. I (already, make) some other arrangements with my folks. They'll be sorry if I change my mind. He (be) out of work for the last two years. He (try) to find a new job ever since he was dismissed from his job, but without success so far. I (look) for a job for a very long time when I finally found this one two months ago. I (be) better off financially since then, but I still have some debts to pay off. If you (really, paint) all day as you claim, why is this room not even half-finished? I (count) on their support for weeks, so when I discovered yesterday that they (back) someone else, I was really dismayed. Once they (confirm) the offer in writing, I'll let you know. He could tell someone (smoke) in the shed because it was full of smoke. Their supervisor was not satisfied until they (remove) every speck of dirt from the dormitory. Oh! I'm sorry, we (just, sell) the last one, but we are expecting another shipment soon. So far I (check) the files from A to M and (update) them, so I'm about halfway through the job. Last week they installed an internal e-mail system at work. Since then our manager (work) mainly from home. Scientists (monitor) the activity of Mount Etna carefully for the past few weeks and (announce) that tourists will no longer be allowed onto its slopes. The prison governor was certain that the prisoners (plan) an escape for some time because they (make) a rope ladder and some makeshift knives.
EXERCISE Use the Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs In parentheses. She (split) up with her boyfriend two days ago and (cry) virtually non-stop ever since. 2. While I (hurry) to catch the bus, I (trip) and (twist) my ankle. 3. The woman (rush) into the doctor's surgery screaming that a snake (Just, bite) her son. 4. I (apply) for the job over three weeks ago, but I (still, not, hear) anything. ; 5. Generally he (wear) a suit to work, but today he (wear) jeans because they (move) some furniture into a new office. 6. The first time I (meet) him, he (work) on his car all afternoon and was covered in oil. So the second time I (see) him, I (hardly, recognize) him! 1.
58 ELS
58
7. 8. 9.
The problem of pollution in the world (get) worse day by day, but a lot of those people who (regularly, complain) about it (not, seem) willing to do anything personally to alleviate the situation. While the doctors (operate) on their son last week, the parents (pace) anxiously up and down in the waiting-room. You (frown) all afternoon. What's on your mind? That driver (go) far too fast! He'll crash if he doesn't slow down soon. As he (not, inform) me in advance of the arrangement, I wasn't able to go. He (only, just, arrive) ! Give him a chance to take his coat off before you (start) questioning him. The company (look) into ways to market the product overseas in recent weeks, but, so far, no one (come) up with a workable suggestion. A: When you (last, hear) from him? B: I (not, hear) from him for more than two months now. Jerry, a six-year-old boy, is very fond of animals, so his parents (take) him to the zoo very often. The last time they (be) there, they (see) the sea lions at feeding time. Jerry was fascinated. All the time while the keepers (feed) them, they (Jump) up out of the water. Jerry's mother (take) him to the zoo next Saturday again, and this time he (want) to spend more time at the reptile enclosure and examine the animals there in more detail. We (just, finish) our dinner and (watch) a documentary on TV when we (hear) a scream from the flat above. I (rush) upstairs immediately and (find) Mrs. Green, our neighbour, in tears. Everything in her flat (be) in a mess. Obviously, someone (break) into her house. Just as we (enter) the church, the groom's brother (whisper} to me how nervous the groom (feel} since breakfast time about making a speech in front of so many guests. He must have, indeed, been nervous, because when he (rise) to make his speech, he (just, mutter) a quick thank you to everyone and then (sit) back down again. In her white wedding gown, Judy (look) more beautiful than I (ever, see) her before, or (ever, see) her since the wedding. Three days after they (drop) an atom bomb on Hiroshima, the Americans (drop) another one on Nagasaki. These two bombs (cause) one of the biggest massacres the world (witness) up to that time. I don't think they (find) the cause of the problem yet. The last time I (check) , they (still, test) the system.
ELS 59
59
FUTURE TIME (will/shall or be going to) FORM Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I will help you. I am going to help you.
I will not help you. I am not going to help you.
Will I help you? Am I going to help you?
You will come early. You are going to come early.
You will not come early. You are not going to come early.
Will you come early? Are you going to come early?
He/She/It will eat lunch. He/She/It is going to eat lunch.
He/She/It will not eat lunch. He/She/It is not going to eat lunch.
Will he/she/it eat lunch? Is he/she/it going to eat lunch?
We will work. We are going to work.
We will not work. We are not going to work.
Will we work? Are we going to work?
You will leave early. You are going to leave early.
You will not leave early. You are not going to leave early.
Will you leave early? Are you going to leave early?
They will visit us. They are going to visit us.
They will not visit us. They are not going to visit us.
Will they visit us? Are they going to visit us?
Bütün öznelerle "will" yardımcı fiili kullanılır. Birinci tekil şahıs "we" ve birinci çoğul şahıs "ive" için, "will" yerine "shall" de kullanılır. Ancak "shall" in bu kullanımı artık çok eski olarak kabul edilmektedir. We will (shall) Invite them to the party. She will help me with my homework. "will not" ve "shall not" kısaltılarak "won't" ve "shan't" biçiminde kullanılır. They will not/won't come tomorrow. We shall not/shan't go to the party. "will" ve "shall" kısaltılarak " ll" biçiminde kullanılır. They'll visit us next week./I'II eat dinner out tonight.
USE OF THE FUTURE TENSES a)
Eğer ge leceğe yöne lik bir tahminde b ulunuyo rsak (prediction ), "will" ya da "be going to" kullanabiliriz. The re w ill/is go ing to be a rise in p rices a fte r the ele ctions. Acco rd in g to the weathe r re po rt, it w ill/is go ing to s no w to mo rro w. He will/is going to have an accident if he doesn't drive more carefully.
b)
Önce den tasarla n mış , plan lan mış bir du ru mdan söz ed iyors ak (prior p la n ), "be go ing to" kullanma mız ge rekir. Bu anla mıy la "be go ing to", ca nsız varlık lar iç in genellik le kullanılmaz. - Why hav e y ou bo ugh t th is materia l? - I'm going to make a skirt for myself. - Why is y ou r dog d igg in g in tha t c orne r? - Oh , he is go in g to bu ry h is bo ne the re .
6O ELS
60
c)
Henüz öğrendiğimiz bir konuda yapmaya istekli olduğumuz bir durumu (willingness), "will" ile ifade ederiz. - I don't have any money. - Don't worry. I'II lend you some. (Üzülme. Ben sana veririm.) - Some guests are coming in two hours, and nothing is ready yet. - Don't worry, l'II wash the dishes and you can do the cooking. (Ben bulaşıkları yıkarım, sen yemeği pişirirsin.) - I have a headache. - Wait here. I'll bring an aspirin for you. (Bekle sana bir aspirin getireyim.)
"will" in bu kullanımının Türkçe'ye çevirisine dikkat ediniz. Örneklerde de gördüğünüz gibi, "will wash, will lend, will bring' ifadelerini "yıkayacağım, ödünç vereceğim, getireceğim" biçiminde değil, "yıkarım, ödünç veririm, getireyim" biçiminde çevirdik. d)
Eğer bir olayın olacağına ilişkin belirtiler varsa, "going to" kullanılır. The sky is black. It is going to rain. There's a lot of blossom on the trees this spring. We're going to have a good crop.
e)
Bu tense'lerle yaygın olarak kullanılan zaman zarflan, tomorrow, next week, next month, next summer, in two days (iki gün sonra), in ten minutes (on dakika sonra), two days from now (iki gün sonra), five years from now (beş yıl sonra), soon (az sonra, yakında) gibi zarflardır. We'll take an exam next week. Tomorrow is a public holiday, so she wont go to work. She will graduate in three years. Two months from now, they'll move into a new flat.
Ancak, içinde bulunduğumuz ana göre gelecek zaman ifade eden pek çok zarf, bu tense'lerle kullanılabilir. (In the morning) I'm going to do some shopping today. Do you need anything special? I'm not going to have breakfast this morning. 1)
"am, is, are going to" nun past biçimi olarak "was, were going to" kullanılır. Bu tense ile, geçmişte niyet ettiğimiz, planladığımız, ama çeşitli nedenlerle yapamadığımız eylemleri anlatırız. I was going to visit my parents last night, but just as I was leaving home, some guests arrived, so I couldn't. (Dün akşam ailemi ziyaret edecektim ama ) We were going to have an exam yesterday, but we couldn't finish the unit, so the teacher postponed the exam until next week. (Dün sınav olacaktık ama )
EXERCISE Complete the sentences using the Simple Future (wiII) or "going to" future.
1. 2. 3.
A: Oh, I've just read in the paper that there's a train strike today. How you (get) to work? B: It's O.K. We heard about it yesterday and Jake (drive) me. A: Have you typed that letter for me? B: Oh no. I forgot all about it. I (do) it now. A: I'm just popping out because I (buy) some sugar. B: We need coffee as well, you know. A: O.K. I (get) that too. ELS 61
61
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9.
She's very pale. She looks as if she (faint) A: Can you type this letter for me, please? B: Sure. I (do) it as soon as I've finished this report. A: Dad, the kitchen tap doesn't work properly. B: Yes, I noticed that this morning, and I brought a few tools with me from work. I (repair) it after dinner. Watch out! Those books are leaning against your vase. It (fall} off the shelf. A: We have a lot of bookings tonight! We (get) home very late again. B: Don't worry. I've just phoned Greg and Tony. They (come) to help us with clearing out the mess. A: Do you like chili and rice? B: I'm not too keen on very spicy food. A: I (make) some with just a pinch of chili powder for you then. B: Thank you. A: I don't think I (have) time to fetch Sally's birthday cake this afternoon. B: Don't worry. I (do) it on my way back from work.
FUTURE TENSE in TIME CLAUSES "When, after, before, as soon as, etc." gibi zaman bağlaçlarının Past Tense ile kullanımını daha önce görmüştük. Şimdi bu bağlaçların Future Tense ile kullanımlarını inceleyelim.
;
First: Then:
I will do some shopping tomorrow. I will go to the cinema.
,
After I do some shopping tomorrow, I will go to the cinema. First: Then: ,.,;>
She will talk to the teacher. , She will leave school.
Before she leaves school tomorrow, she will talk to the teacher.
Yukarıdaki örneklerde gördüğünüz gibi, her iki eylem de gelecekte gerçekleşecek olmasına rağmen, yan cümlede "will" ya da "going to" kullanılmaz. Yan cümlede Simple Present Tense, temel cümlede ise "'will" ya da "going to" kullanılır.
When she comes home, we will study together. I will wait at home until my mother comes back from shopping. We'II leave home as soon as we finish our work. I'll decide what to do after I receive their letter. She is going to phone us before she comes here. Once you .know the details of this software, you'll find it easy to use. 62 ELS
62
ELS 63
63
EXERCISE Complete the sentences with the Simple Present and/or Present Perfect and Simple Future (will) of the verbs in parentheses.
1. The conference (not, commence) until all the delegates (arrive) 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
While the delegates are arriving, the authorities (close) the area to the public. We (not, reserve) the tickets until we (be) certain how many people are coming. While you're fetching her from the station, I (check) that her room is prepared. After she (settle) in, we (take) her on a tour of the city. They (not, be) very happy when they (see) what a mess we've made. As in all matches, the police (contain) the crowds tomorrow while the match (be) in progress. The doormen (not, let) us in until some people (come) out because, as a rule, they (only, allow) a certain number of people in the tower at one time. After the young lawyer (familiarize) himself with similar court cases, I'm sure he (be) able to handle the case. We (not be ab7e) to use our new kitchen before the workmen (check) all the appliances.
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE FORM Affirmative I will be studying. You will be working. He/She/It will be eating. We will be talking. You will be sleeping. They will be shopping.
Negative I won't be studying. You won't be working. He/She/It won't be eating. We won't be talking. You won't be sleeping. They won't be shopping.
Interrogative Will I be studying? Will you be working? Will he/she/it be eating? Will we be talking? Will you be sleeping? Will they be shopping?
USE OF THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE a)
Bu tensel, gelecekte bir noktada yapıyor olacağımız eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanırız. Don't call me tomorrow between ten and eleven. I'll be having an interview then. At this time next year, you'll probably be attending university. My plane departs at nine, so I'll be Qying to New York at this hour tomorrow.
b)
Bu tense'i birinden bir şey rica ederken de kullanabiliriz. - Will you be going past the post office when you go out? - Yes. Why? - If so, can you post this letter for me? - Will you be using your bike tomorrow? - No, I don't think so. - If not, can you lend it to me for the afternoon?
c)
Future Continuous, özellikle tatil ve seyahatlerle ilgili düzenlemeler hakkında konuşurken, plan ve niyet ifade ederken sıkça kullanılır. Bu anlamda Present Continuous da kullanılabilir. We'lI be staying at the Mediterromaneo Hotel. (=We are staying at the Mediterromaneo Hotel.)
64 ELS
64
EXERCISE Complete the sentences with the Simple Future (will do), Future Continuous (will be doing) or Simple Present (do/does) and/or Present Perfect Simple (have/has done) of the verbs In parentheses. • 1.
At the rate he's improving, he (play) football for the national team by the time he's sixteen! 2. At the end of next week, you (drive) round Europe, Jane (sail) across the Mediterranean and I (fee]} very jealous of you both! 3. Until your grades (improve) you (have to) stay at home every evening. 4. At the moment, you think you (never, learn) to ski, but this time next week you (whiz) down the slopes like a professional! 5. Do you think you (see) Mike at any time over the weekend? If so, can you give him a message? 6. I (drop) you off at the end of your road, but I (not, have) time to accept your offer of tea, I'm afraid. 7. Contact our agency at the resort as soon as you (get) there and they (provide) all the camping equipment you (need) there immediately. 8. It's more than a little inconvenient, I'm afraid. I (perform) an operation on a patient at that time, so later in the day would be better. 9. I (work) night shifts all this week, so it's quite frustrating to think that I (work) while everybody else is sleeping. After you (undergo) our expert parachute training, jumping out of an aeroplane (not, bother) you at all. The police (not, open) the road until they (clean) all the debris from the accident away. The mayor (not be able) to present the prize in person next week because at that time, he (welcome) the German trade minister. His wife (present) the prize on his behalf.
65
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE FORM Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I will have finished. You will have left home. He/She/It will have eaten. We will have left work. You will have bought it. They will have gone out.
I won't have finished. You won't have left home. He/She/It won't have eaten. We won't have left work. You won't have bought it. They won't have gone out.
Will I have finished? Will you have left home? Will he/she/it have eaten? Will we have left work? Will you have bought it? Will they have gone out?
USE OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE a)
Gelecekte bir noktada yapmış, tamamlamış olacağımız eylemleri bu tense ile ifade ederiz. By, before, in a week (or in a week's time), in ten days (or in ten days' time), in three years (or in three years' time) gibi zarflar, bu tense ile çok sık kullanılan zarflardır. She will have graduated from university in two years. She promises that she will have finished her report by tomorrow. They will have completed the new school building by next year.
b)
"By the time", "when" ve "before", bu tense ile sık kullanılan zaman bağlaçlarıdır. I will have finished my homework by the time mother comes back. Before this term is finished, we will have studied half of the units. The children will have gone to bed when the guests arrive.
We will already have eaten dinner when he comes. 0 geldiğinde biz yemeğimizi yemiş olacağız. c)
"By" ile "by the time" arasındaki farka dikkat ediniz. "By" bir preposition olduğu için kendinden sonra bir isim gelir, (by two o'clock, by next month, by tomorrow, by then, etc.) "By the time" ise bir bağlaçtır. Kendinden sonra bir cümle gelir. "By the time" dan sonra "that" kullanılabilir. 1 will have finished my work by 5 o'clock. I will have finished my work by the time (that) you come back. I'll call you at I hope you'll have finished your work by then. I'll call you at I hope you'll have finished your work by the time (that) I call you..
EXERCISE Complete the sentences with the Simple Future (will do), Future Perfect (will have done) or Simple Present (do/does) of the verbs In parentheses. 1. 2.
Don't spend too much at the Grand Bazaar, or you (regret) it when you (run out) of money before the end of your holiday. By the time the credit card statement with this purchase on it (arrive) I (receive) my wages. So don't worry. «,
66 Q ELS
66
3.
We (find) Jenny either happy or very sad when we (return)
because she (receive) her exam results by
then. 4.
The police anticipate that the thieves (somehow, manage) to
send a message to their accomplices and, by the time they (reach) their hideout, their accomplices (remove)
all traces of their criminal activity. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
About fifty years from now, the Pacific Ocean (rise) to a level
dangerous to the very existence of some inhabited islands. At last I've found two tickets for the concert, but I (pretend) that I couldn't, when my sister (ask) me. If I (put) a quarter of my salary aside every month, by next June, I (save) enough money to afford a proper holiday abroad. By the time the government (bring) down inflation, a lot of companies (a/ready, go) bankrupt. We (adapt) the computer program, if necessary, once we've seen how suitable it is in its present form.
In about a year's time, this system (become) obsolete, so we ought to start thinking about changing it before too long. We have decided that when the management (announce) the new pay scales, we (say) that we are not satisfied, no matter what percentage they are.
Fortunately, when we (arrive) she (already, break) the news to him. . THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORM Affirmative: Negative: Interrogative:
Subject Subject Will
+ will have been doing, + will not have been doing, + subject + have been doing?
1 USE OF THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
a)
Gelecekte bir eylemi ne kadar zamandır yapıyor olacağımızı bu tense ile ifade ederiz. Yani gelecekte süreç bildiririz.
By next year, I will have been teaching English for nine years. Tomorrow, I will start work at 9 and finish at 12, so I will have been working for three hours by the time my last lesson is over.
will have been studying She will start
studying at Her mother will come home at By the time her mother comes home at 5 o'clock, she will have been studying for three hours.
ELS 67 67
She started to work for us last year. Now, she has been working for us for a year. By this time next year, she will have been working for us for two years. The meeting will start at ten, and I will arrive there at eleven. By the time I arrive there, the meeting will have been going on for an hour.
By the next elections, this government will have been running the country for four years. b)
Bu tense ile kullanacağımız fiilleri seçerken dikkatli olmamız gerekir. Ancak work, write, travel, watch, listen, go on, study gibi sürerlik bildiren fiilleri bu tense ile kullanabiliriz. Finish, complete, arrive gibi bir anda olup biten eylemleri ifade eden fiilleri kullanamayız.
"By 9 o'clock tomorrow, I'll have been arriving in Ankara for six hours." ifadesi yanlış bir ifade olur. Çünkü insan, altı saattir bir yere varıyor olamaz. Bu cümleyi ancak şöyle doğru olarak ifade edebiliriz: By 9 o'clock tomorrow, I'll have arrived in Ankara. ( varmış olacağım.) By the time I arrive in Ankara, Til have been travelling for six hours. ( altı saattir yolculuk yapıyor olacağım.) c)
"By the time" yapısıyla "be" fiilinin kullanımına dikkat ediniz. Normalde "by the time", temel cümlede Future Perfect gerektirir. By the time they arrive, I will have eaten my dinner. Ancak "be"
fiili, eğer süreç bildirmiyorsa. Simple Future (will be) ile kullanılır. By the time they arrive, dinner will be over. By the time he retires from his job, he will be sixty. By the time we come back from holiday, they will be married. Eğer "be" fiilini, süreç bildiren bir ifadeyle birlikte kullanırsak. Future Perfect gerektirir. By the time he retires from his job, he win have been in this city for twenty years. By the time we come back from holiday, they will have been married for a month.
EXERCISE Complete the sentences using an appropriate Future tense: will do, will be doing, will have done or will have been doing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
You can almost guarantee that by the time we get to the box-office, they (se/7) out of tickets. I (drive)' past your house at about 8 o'clock tomorrow morning, as that's the way I always go, so if you're ready, wait outside and I [give) you a lift. Agent A: How I (recognize) him? Agent B: Well, he (wear) grey trousers, a green jacket and a yellow tie! If you arrive at 6 o'clock, we (wait) outside the cinema, but by quarter past, we (probably, go) inside. Probably, for the first few days in your new job, you (experience) one or two problems, but by the end of the week you (settle) in. We (be) exhausted when we arrive as, by then, we (travel) for about two days in total.
68 Q ELS
68
At this time tomorrow evening, we (congratulate) ourselves on having completed an excellent piece of work! 8. Next February, you (work) for us for ten years, Mr. Wilson, and you (qualify) for our employee pension scheme. 9. I (take) the fabric out of the dye at four o'clock because, by then, it (soak) in the solution for two hours, and I think that (be) enough. Fire fighters are confident and believe that, by midnight tomorrow, they (extinguish) the forest fire. The leader of the rescue operation (inspect) the area again at 7 p.m. this evening. By then, the task force (dig) for survivors for three full days. After his inspection, he (make) a decision about the likelihood of finding anyone else alive in the rubble. I'm sure that by the time my daughter reaches adulthood, the world (look) very different than it does today. 7.
EXERCISE Complete the sentences using "until1 or "by the time". 1.
He waited at the arranged place he realized that she wasn't going to turn up. 2. We'll all have died of hunger you finish cooking dinner! 3. He's working late this evening, so we won't have dinner he gets home. 4 she was sixteen, she was already an accomplished musician. 5 he was fourteen, he never went anywhere, apart from to school, without his parents. 6. Jane: I'm not going to eat any cakes I've lost enough weight to fit into these jeans. Mary: But then, they'll have gone out of fashion you are thin enough to wear them. 7. I'm sure she'll be sleeping we get home, because she normally goes to bed around this time. 8. He stayed at the party the last guest had gone. 9 the last person left, it was after three o'clock in the morning. You won't make any progress you start taking your studies more seriously. we get an answer from them, it'll be too late. I tried it myself, I'd never thought that jogging could be enjoyable. The fire was already under control the fire brigade arrived. The plane won't take off the captain has completed all the safety checks. I didn't know Janice could speak fluent Japanese she told me about her new job in Tokyo.
TENSE AGREEMENT in TIME CLAUSES Zaman bağlaçları temel cümle ile yan cümle arasında "tense" uyuşması gerektirir. PAST TIME: "When I got home " cümlesini tamamlarken getireceğimiz yapılar mutlaka Past Time' a ait bir tense olmalıdır. When I got home, I had a bath and then ate my dinner. I slept for three hours and then studied until midnight.
my son was sleeping. my parents had eaten their dinner. my son had been sleeping for two hours. ELS Q 69
69
PRESENT TIME: "When I get home after work, " ifadesini, eğer genelde yaptığımız bir işi anlatmak üzere kullanıyorsak, Present Time'a ait bir yapı ile tamamlayabiliriz. When I get home after work, I usually take a rest for a while. first of all, I play with my son for a while. FUTURE TIME:
:
!
:
"When I get home after work tomorrow, " ifadesi ise temel cümlede mutlaka Future bir yapı gerektirmektedir. (Yan cümlede Future tense kullanılmadığına dikkat ediniz.) When I get home after work tomorrow,
I will take a rest for a while. my son will be sleeping. my son will have been sleeping for two hours. our guests will have arrived. I am going to sleep for two hours. '
EXER CISE Use any appropriat e tense for the verbs in parenthes es. 1.
2.
3.
The government (just, take) a number of measures to bring inflation down and to improve the economic situation. There (be) a public outcry when they (announce) the new tax system and other economic decisions two weeks ago. There (be) several protest demonstrations in many parts of the country since then, and I think they (increase) in the future if the economy doesn't improve soon. Two weeks ago, we (intend] to spend a quiet weekend at home, without hurrying to have breakfast or without worrying about the heavy traffic on the roads, but nothing (go) as we (arrange) it before. First, I (cut) myself badly while I (do) the dishes after breakfast. We (try) hard to stop the bleeding and then we (put) a bandage on the cut. In the meantime, our son (play) with his friend in his room. Because they (both, be) very naughty children, they (usually, hurt) each other while they (play) together, and it happened so that day. Just as we (sit) down to watch a good movie on television, after my unfortunate accident, we (hear) our son crying. We (hurry) to his room to see what (happen) What we saw was terrible. The other boy (throw} a metal toy car at our son's face, and it (hit) him just above his right eye. It was badly bruised, and a line of blood (trickle) down his cheek. I (nearly, faint) when I (see) this scene. Anyway, we (take) him to the nearest hospital without delay, and our quiet weekend was spent at the hospital. There (be) great changes in the climates of the world in recent years. One (not, know) what to expect from one day to another. In the past, people (know) when spring would start, or when summer would come, but now, all the seasons (seem) to be mixed together. Just two days ago, we (wear) thick pullovers because of the unexpected cold, but today, we (wear) our short-sleeved T-shirts again. Scientists say that the hole in the ozone layer (cause) these changes. I'm afraid future generations (face) 70
terrible conditions on earth.
70 Q ELS
71
4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.