Pronoun Tablosu

Pronouns are the words tht replace nouns. In English language, pronouns only take the gender of the noun they replace in the 3rd person singular form. The 2nd person plural pronouns are identical to the 2nd person singular pronouns except for the reflexive pronoun.

Here is a table showing all pronouns;

► Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their clause. In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to not to repeat the subject's name.

Examples:

I am 34 years old.
You look very tired today.
John is a very handsome man. He always wears chick clothes. 
This cat is so sweet. It is also very playful.
We are late. Let's hurry up. 

► Object Pronouns

Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a clause.

Examples;

Give the pen to me.
My dad wanted to talk to us.
I love him very much. 
I got an e-mail from her last night. 
I can't forgive them. 

► Possesive Adjectives (Determiners)

Possessive adjectives are not pronouns but it's a good idea to learn them with pronouns. Because they are similar in form to possessive pronouns. Possessive adjectives are determiners and they function as adjectives. They are used before the noun they modify in the sentence. They do not replace nouns. 

Examples;

Have you found your passport?
I want to clean my house today.
Tom broke his leg yesterday. 
Kids brought their projects to the classroom. 
What is her name?

► Possesive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are used in English to avoid repeating information that is already clear. In always makes the sentence more clear because the same information is not repeated.

Examples;

This book is mine.
I found my bag. Where is yours?
Our room is always tidy but theirs is in a mess. 
That car looks like hers. 

► Reflexive (Intensive) Pronouns

- We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing.

He cut himself while he was doing the project.
She bought herself a present a pair of trousers.
They helped themselves at the party.
Be careful and don't injure yourselves.
I enjoyed myself at the party very much.
 

- We use reflexive pronouns for emphasis.

The teacher talked to me herself!
I finished the project myself. I didn't get help from anybody. 
You should clean your room yourself. 

- We use reflexive pronouns with a similar meaning to "also" or "too"

My sister was very angry last night. I was pretty angry myself. 

- We DON'T use reflexive pronouns with a number of verbs. It's confusing because in some other languages, those verbs can be used with reflexive pronouns. 

Those verbs are, adapt, complain, concentrate, get up, hide, lie down, meet, move, relax, remember, shave, shower, sit down.

- We DON'T use reflexive pronouns after a preposition of place or location we use a personal pronoun and not a reflexive pronoun.

He put the luggage next to him.

- We use verb + reflexive pronoun + object when we do something for ourselves.

He made himself a big cake.
They taught themselves English. 

- We use verb + object + reflexive pronoun when we want to emphasize that another person did not do the action.

I painted the room myself.
They finished the homework themselves.
You should talk to your boss yourself. 

- By + Reflexive Pronouns

We use by + myself/yourself/himself etc when we are alone or not get assistant or help.

Can you go to the school by yourself?
Why are you sitting by yourself? Aren't you bored?
Kids should clean their rooms by themselves. 

YDS’de karşınıza çıkabilecek dil bilgisi konularını anlattığımız yazı serimizde bu defa Pronouns konusunu işleyeceğiz. Hazırsanız Türkçe karşılığı Zamirler olan Pronouns konusuna yakından bakalım!

Zamirler cümlede ismin ya da isim halinde bulunan tamlama veya cümleciklerin yerine kullandığımız kelimelerdir.

Kinds of Pronouns (Zamir Çeşitleri)

1- Personal Pronouns (Şahıs Zamirleri)

Cümle içinde kişi veya nesnelerin yerine kullanılırlar ve cümledeki görevlerine göre üçe ayrılırlar.

a) Subjective Pronouns (Özne durumunda bulunan zamirler)

• I don’t think that he told us the truth.
• He didn’t want to talk about it.
• We had a great time last weekend.

b) Objective Pronouns (Nesne durumunda bulunan zamirler)

• Dad bought me a mobile phone as a birthday present.
• Can I ask you a personal question?
• They helped her with the houseworks.

c) Possessive Pronouns (İyelik Zamirleri)

İyelik zamirleri, iyelik sıfatları ile karıştırılmamalıdır. Sıfatlar bir isimle birlikte kullanılırken, sıfat ismin önünde yer alırken zamir onun arkasındadır.

• Is that your camera? (your: adj.)
• Is that camera yours? (yours: pronoun)
• Their apartment is larger than ours. (their: adj., ours: pronoun)

Şahıs zamirlerinin tamamı aşağıdaki tabloda gösterilmiştir.

Dikkat! Eğer “I” zamiri başka bir zamir veya bir isimle birlikte özne olarak kullanılırsa “I” sonra gelir.

• My father and I went fishing last Sunday.
• He and I are not related. We’re just friends.

Dikkat! “It” zamiri nesneler, hayvanlar, hava, saat, gün, tarih ve uzaklık için kullanılır.

• I don’t like history. It‘s boring.
• It‘s unseasonably warm today.
• What’s the time, please? It‘s half past seven.
• It‘s ten kilometers from here to the city center.
• I’ve got a pet dog. It‘s called Bonny.

2- Demonstrate Pronouns (İşaret Zamirleri)

İşaret zamirleri ismi veya başka bir zamiri gösterir. Gerek zaman gerekse mekan olarak bir nesneyi işaret ederken yakındakiler için “this” ve “these”, uzaktakiler için “that” ve “those” kullanılır. Ayrıca “this” ve “that” tekil nesneler için, “these” ve “those” çoğul nesneler içindir. Ancak bu kelimelerin aynı zamanda işaret sıfatları oldukları hatırlanmalıdır.

• This cannot go on. We must do something.
• That is the book I have been looking for.
• And old woman wanted to buy these.
• Are those the skates you bought last week.

“This dictionary is mine.” cümlesinde “this” sıfattır.

“This is my dictionary” cümlesinde ise zamirdir.

3- Interrogative Pronouns (Soru Zamirleri)

Soru zamirleri “who, which, what” ve “whom” ile bunlara “-ever” eklenmiş “whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever” soru kelimeleridir. Ancak “which” ve “what” aynı zamanda soru sıfatıdır (interrogative adjective). “who, whom” ve “which” aynı zamanda (Relative Pronoun) ilgi zamiridir.

• Who wrote the novel “A farewell to the Arms”?
• Whom do you think we should consult?
• To whom do you wish to speak?
• What did you think about the play?

4- Relative Pronouns (İlgi Zamirleri)

İlgi zamirleri bir tamlama veya cümleciği başka bir tamlama veya cümleciğe bağlamada kullanılır. ilgi zamirleri “who, whom, which, that” ve bunlardan oluşan “whoever, whichever, whomever” birleşik kelimeleridir. “Whom” ve “whomever” ise bir nesneye atfeder.

• The students who attend the classes do the best.
• You can invite whomever you want to the party.
• The book that the teacher assigned was really boring.
• He seemed to say whatever came to his mind.
• She will tell you what you need to know.

5- Indefinite Pronouns (Belgisiz Zamirler)

Belgisiz zamirler cümlede bir ismin yerine kullanılmazlar ancak cümlede isim görevindedirler. Bu zamirler bir nesnenin bütününe (all), bir bölümüne (some), hiçbirisine (none) veya herhangi birisine (any) atfetmeyi içerir.

Bazı belgisiz zamirler sadece sayılabilir isimler (countable nouns), bazıları sayılamaz isimler (uncountable nouns), bazıları ise hem sayılabilir hem sayılamayan isimler gibi tekil / çoğul ilişkisi içerisinde kullanılırlar.

Bu durum aşağıdaki tabloda gösterilmiştir.

Diğer zamir türlerinde olduğu gibi bazı belgisiz zamirler aynı zamanda sıfattırlar.

• Something smells terrible in here.
• There’s someone at the door.
• Everybody should do his or her best to save the environment.
• Many were invited to the barbecue but only seven showed up.
• Although we looked everywhere for extra copies of the magazine, we found none.
• There are two copies of the contract. Remember to sign both.

6- Reflexive Pronouns (Dönüşlü Zamirler)

Öznenin işi kendisinin yaptığını vurgulamak için kullanılır. “-self” ve “-selves” ekleri getirilerek yapılırlar.

• Janet looked herself in the mirror.
• I often ask myself why I do such things.
• Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we had to do it ourselves in the end.
• He often praises himself in the public.

7-Intensive Pronouns (Pekiştirme Zamirleri)

Pekiştirme zamirleri dönüşlü zamirlerle aynı yapıdadır. Pekiştirme zamirleri cümle veya cümleciğin öznesinin pekiştirilmesi için bir isim veya başka bir zamire atfen kullanılır.

• I myself don’t know what to do.
• The teacher herself seemed not to know the answer.
• The Prime Minister himself visited our town.

8- Reciprocal Pronouns

Bu gruba giren “one another” ve “each other” zamirleri bir işin karşılıklı yapıldığını belirtir. Eğer yapılan iş iki kişi arasında ise “each other”, bir grup söz konusu ise “one another” kullanılır.

• Bob and Alice gave presents to each other. (Bob gave a present to Alice and Alice gave a present to Bob.)
• The students in the class gave one another presents. (More than two students are involved here.)

Bu zamirler iyelik eki (‘s) alabilirler.

• Jamie and Suzie were embarrassed that they had forgotten each other’s names.

YDS konu anlatımları kapsamında hazırladığımız Pronouns yazımızda, zamirler konusunu ele aldık. Pronouns konusunu örneklerle destekleyerek açıklamaya çalıştık. Umarız ki yazdıklarımızın size yardımı dokunur. Sayfamızın YDS kategorisinden YDS ile ilgili diğer yazılarımıza ulaşabilirsiniz. En kısa zamanda hedeflediğiniz YDS skorunu elde etmeniz dileğiyle…