Kosovada Hangi Dil Konuşuluyor

Geçiş ekonomisi olarak adlandırılan ülke ekonomisi, Avrupa’nın en gelişmemiş ekonomileri arasında yer alıyor. Ancak bağımsızlığını ilan ettiği yılından bu yana her yıl büyüme gösteren ülke ekonomisi yatırımcılar açısından büyük fırsatlar sunuyor. Yeraltı kaynakları bakımından oldukça zengin olan Kosova; çinko, kurşun, altın, gümüş, bakır ve kömür zengini sayılıyor. Linyit rezervi bakımından da Avrupa’da üçüncü sırada bulunuyor. Ülke, metal ürünleri başta olmak üzere deri ürünleri, yiyecek-içecek, tütün ve sebze ihracatı yapıyor. Gıda, canlı hayvan, kimyasal maddeler, makine ve tekstil ürünleri ile petrolü ise ithal ediyor. Türkiye, İtalya, Almanya, Makedonya ve Sırbistan, ülkenin ekonomik iş birliği yaptığı ülkeler arasında bulunuyor. Kırsal bölgelerin çokça görüldüğü ülkede tarım ve hayvancılık ise ileri düzeyde değil.

In Kosovo, a considerable number of students receive Turkish education in their mother tongue. Although there are publications about Turkish education in Kosovo, there is a lack of a holistic and comprehensive study in the literature. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of Turkish teachers in Kosovo on Turkish education, the success levels of Turkish-educated secondary school students in Kosovo in Turkish skills, their attitudes towards Turkish and Turkish lessons and to reveal their relations with various variables. These variables are gender, bilingualism, having Turkish books at home, where the student lives, and the parents' occupation and education status. The study uses mixed method, due to its qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Scoping review and case study were preferred in the study. The population of the study is secondary school students studying in Turkish classes in Kosovo and 18 Turkish teachers who teaching Turkish in these classes. The sample was composed of 7th grade students who were assumed to reflect the universe with the criterion sampling method. Working group, , 7th grade student; It consists of 9 Turkish teachers. Among the data collection techniques, observation, interview and questionnaire; Document analysis was used as a research method. Data collection tools which was used in research; 5 Turkish skills scales and 1 attitude scale. The data obtained from these scales were analysed in accordance with the quantitative data analysis process. In order to understand whether the quantitative data obtained from the scales show normal distribution or not, data tested. As a result, data obtained from all scales are normally distributed. Independent sample t-test was used in the analysis of variables consisting of two independent groups, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons with three or more groups. Scheffe test, one of the multiple comparison tests, was used for paired comparisons relationships between variables. In the interpretation of the findings, α = significance level was taken as basis. In the qualitative dimension of the research, teachers and experts with data obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted, content analysis was analysed. The discourses were coded separately, all codes were brought together and categories were created, and the themes were determined as the top heading as a result of the groupings made between the categories. According to the findings of the study; Listening skill success rate is 63%, speaking skill success rate is 64%, reading skill success rate is 61%, reading comprehension skill success rate is 65%, writing skill success rate is 26 %. Female students are more successful in understanding what they read; no significant relationship was found in other skills. No significant relationship was found between bilingualism and any language skills. Students living in urban settlements are more successful in listening skills than those in rural areas, there is no significant relationship in other skills. The language skills of those whose father and mother are high-income professions are significantly higher. The increase in parental education level positively affects all language skills. Having Turkish books at home is significantly correlated with the success level of reading comprehension skills, there is no significant relationship between other skills. As the positive attitudes towards Turkish and Turkish lessons increased, there was a significant relationship between the achievement of speaking, reading and reading comprehension skills, while no such relationship was found between other skills. Students' attitudes towards Turkish and Turkish lessons are at a positive level. According to the results regarding the relationship between Turkish and Turkish lessons with various variables, students' attitudes in urban settlements are more positive. A significant relationship could not be found in the case of bilingualism and having Turkish publications at home. These findings are the results of quantitative data analysis. According to result of qualitative data analysis, there are problems with additional resources and Turkish textbooks. Positive opinions predominate on the issues of student attitudes towards Turkish and Turkish lessons, the multilingual environment and the future of Turkish education. According to the findings of the document analysis, there are some inconsistencies between Turkish textbooks and teaching programs. Students are successful in listening, reading, reading comprehension and speaking skills. On the other hand, students are insufficient in writing skill. Among the variables that can affect students' language skills, the parents' profession and education, attitude towards Turkish and Turkish lessons and gender stand out. The attitude towards Turkish and Turkish lessons is affected by the variable of place of residence. As a result of the study, it may be suggested to concentrate on writing activities, update the textbooks, and make them compatible with the curriculum. It is recommended that Turkey and Kosovo institutions which regard with Turkish education in Kosovo and Turkish Teachers benefit from the results of this study and review their Turkish education activities in Kosovo.